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OBITUARY NOTICE 



THOMAS T. HEWSON, M.D... 



LATE PRESIDENT 



^ 



PHILADELPHIA COLLEGE OF PHYSICIANS; 



BY 



FRANKLIN BACHE, M.D 



READ BEFORE THE COLLEGE, NOVEMBER 6, 1849, 



AXB PUBLISHED HI ITS DIRECTION 



PHILADELPHIA: 

PRINTED BY WILLIAM F. GEDDES 

NO. 1 12 CHESTNUT ST. 

1850. 



AN 

OBITUARY I0TICE 



THOMAS T. HEWSON, M.D., 



LATE PRESIDENT 



PHILADELPHIA COLLEGE OF PHYSICIANS 

BY 

FRANKLIN BACHE, M. D. 



READ BEFORE THE COLLEGE, NOVEMBER 6, 1849, 



A3VD PUBLISHED BX ITS DIRECTION. , . ^' ■■■ J \ 

/ ,< f ! 






/ 



PHILADELPHIA: 

PRINTED BY WILLIAM F. GEDDES, 

NO. 112 CHESTNUT ST. 

1850. 



*;** 



OBITUARY NOTICE 



OF 



DR. THOMAS T. HEWSON 



Thomas Tickell Hewson was born in London, on the 9th of 
April, 1773. He was the second son of William Hewson, the 
celebrated anatomist and physiologist, who died of fever, occa- 
sioned by a wound received in dissection, on the 1st of May, 1774, 
in the thirty-fifth year of his age, when the subject of this notice 
was but one year old. His mother was Mary Stevenson, daugh- 
ter of Mrs. Margaret Stevenson, a widow lady, in whose house 
Dr. Franklin resided, while in London as agent of the Colony of 
Pennsylvania. She was a woman of cultivated mind and fine 
judgment. It was her good fortune to enjoy the friendship of Dr. 
Franklin to the day of his death ; and her published correspond- 
ence with him evinces as well the extent of her acquirements, as 
the elegance of her style. 

In March, 1781, at the age of eight years, young Hewson en- 
tered the school of William Gilpin, at Cheam, near London, where 
he received the rudiments of his education, and where he contin- 
ued to reside until the summer of 1786, with the exception of five 
months in the winter of 1784-85, which he spent with Dr. Franklin 
at Passy. He showed much aptitude for learning, and was called 



" little inquisitive Tom," and " all soul and no body." His mother, 
writing to a friend in September, 1783, remarks of him that " he 
bids fair, by the powers of his mind, to do honour to his name; 
for he outstrips all his competitors in learning." In the summer 
of 1786, Mrs. Hewson removed to America with her children, 
and soon after her arrival, Thomas entered the Junior class of the 
College of Philadelphia, afterwards the University of Pennsylva- 
nia. He was prepared to graduate in 1788, but remained another 
year, in compliance with the advice of Dr. Ewing, the Provost of 
the College, who wished him to postpone his graduation on ac- 
count of his youth. In July, 1789, he took the degree of Bach- 
elor of Arts, speaking at the Commencement with much applause, 
and immediately afterwards began his medical studies with Dr. 
John Foulke. After having pursued his studies for nearly five years 
in Philadelphia, he returned to England in June, 1794, and, in the 
month of September following, entered St. Bartholomew's Hospi- 
tal, as one of the two house surgeons. In November, 1795, he 
went to Edinburgh, where he remained until July, 1790, when 
private business compelled him to return to London. In that city 
he was detained until July, 1800, when he returned to America. 
During his absence abroad, he had the misfortune to lose his mo- 
ther, who died on the 14th of October, 1795, at Bristol, Pennsyl- 
vania, in the fifty-seventh year of her age. 

Thus, after a course of medical and surgical studies, embracing 
a period of eleven years, he returned to America to enter upon 
the practice of his profession in this city. In November, 1806, 
he was appointed physician to the Walnut Street Prison, and 
served the Institution faithfully until March, 1818, when he re- 
signed. His services in this Institution were signalized by his 
devoted attentions to the prisoners during the prevalence of a dan- 
gerous and malignant typhus, which broke out in December, 1817, 
and continued until the succeeding March. So highly did the 
Inspectors of the Prison estimate the services of Dr. Hewson, 



that they presented to him a handsome silver vase, bearing the 
following inscription : 

A TRIBUTE TO HUMANTTI. 
THE INSPECTORS OF THE PRISON 

OF THE- 

CITY AND COUNTY OF PHILADELPHIA 

TO 

Dr. THOMAS TL HEWSON; 

Commemorative of his distinguished professional services during the prevalence 
of malignant typhus fever in the winter of 1817-18. 

The correspondence which passed between the Committee of 
the Inspectors of the Prison and Dr. Hewson, on the occasion 
of the presentation of the vase, does equal credit to both parties. 

In September, .1811, Dr. Hewson was elected one of the sur- 
geons of the Philadelphia Aims-House, an appointment which he 
held for many years. In 1815, he published a translation from 
the French of the valuable work of Swediaur on Syphilis. In 
December, 1816, he was elected Professor of Comparative An- 
atomy in the Department of Natural Science of the University 
of Pennsylvania ; but it does not appear that he delivered a course 
on the subject until the spring of 1818. It is probable, also, that 
this was the only course he gave under his appointment. Know- 
ledge and zeal are not the only prerequisites of success in teach- 
ing a branch of science. The importance of the subject must be 
appreciated by a sufficient number of votaries to afford the teacher 
a class of pupils ; for, without recipients of his knowledge, his fit- 
ness to impart instruction must be in vain. 

In January, 1817, he was appointed physician to the Orphan 
Asylum, a situation which he held for twenty years ; and in No- 



vember, 1818, he was chosen one of the surgeons of the Pennsyl- 
vania Hospital, in the place of Dr. Dorsey, deceased, and con- 
tinued to hold the. appointment until May, 1835, a period of nearly 
seventeen years, when he resigned. 

Dr. Hewson largely contributed to the formation and revision 
of our National Pharmacopoeia, in fulfilment of various appoint- 
ments, made chiefly by this College. Although the project of 
forming our present National Pharmacopoeia originated with Dr. 
Lyman Spalding, who submitted his plan to the New York County 
Medical Society in 1817; yet it is due to this College to recall to 
recollection its early though unsuccessful efforts to accomplish the 
same desirable object. On the 1st of May, 1787, Dr. John Mor- 
gan proposed to the College to form a Pharmacopoeia for Penn- 
sylvania. This proposition does not appear to have been acted 
upon until June of the following year, when a Committee was ap- 
pointed to consider it. In April, 1789, a draught of a letter was 
reported, to be addressed to the " most respectable practitioners 
of the United States," in which the importance of a National 
Pharmacopoeia is referred to. This appears to have elicited a 
communication from Dr. James Tilton, of Delaware, addressed 
to the College the succeeding year, containing suggestions to 
relation to the formation of the work. In 1791, Dr. Benjamin 
Smith Barton was appointed on the Pharmacopoeia Committee, 
and in November, 1792, the Committee made its first report. 
The subject was allowed to sleep until 1794, when Dr. Parke was 
added to the Committee. Nothing appears on the minutes re- 
specting the Committee 'until April, 1797, when it made its sec- 
ond report ; and, in the following June, the report being again 
read, the recommendation of the Committee was adopted, " that 
an enumeration be made of all medicinal substances and phar- 
maceutical processes, as shall appear useful and proper to compose 
the intended Pharmacopoeia." Drs. Griffitts, Barton, and James 
were appointed to make the enumeration ; but it does not appear 



by the minutes that they ever fulfilled the duties of their appoint- 
ment. 

Nothing further appears on the minutes of the College in rela- 
tion to a Pharmacopoeia until February, 1819, when the College 
acted on the Circular of the Medical Society of the State of 
New York, setting forth Dr. Spalding's plan, which, by resolution, 
was approved of. This plan contemplated the assembling of four 
district Conventions, severally composed of medical delegates 
from the Northern, Middle, Southern, and Western States, each 
charged with the duty of compiling a Pharmacopoeia, and of elect- 
ing one or more delegates to a general Convention, to meet at 
Washington City on the 1st of January, 1820, to which the dis- 
trict Pharmacopoeias were to be referred, with authority to form 
from them a single national work. In this important enterprise, 
Dr. Hewson took a leading part. He was appointed by this Col- 
lege one of the delegates to the Convention of the middle district 
which met in Philadelphia; by the middle district Convention, 
one of its delegates to the general Convention at Washington ; and 
by the latter body, as a member of the Committee of Publication, 
which assembled in New York. Thus, in every stage of its pre- 
paration, the first edition of our National Pharmacopoeia received 
the benefit of his efficient services. 

The National Medical Convention provided for the revision of 
the Pharmacopoeia at the end often years. In view of this revi- 
sion, the College, in April, 1828, appointed a Committee, consisting 
of Drs. Hewson, Hartshorne, and Wood, to report amendments, 
corrections, and additions to the work ; and at a subsequent period 
the writer was added to the Committee. This Committee held more 
than one hundred meetings at Dr. Hewson's house, and, in No- 
vember, 1829, made its final report, in the form of a draught of a 
Pharmacopoeia, fully written out, and prepared for the press. The 
writer can bear testimony to the efficient services, rendered bv 



8 

Dr. Hewson as chairman of this Committee. The College adopted 
the draught, thus prepared, and directed it to be presented by 
its delegates to the Washington Convention of 1830, as a con- 
tribution towards the revision of the National Pharmacoposia. 
The draught was adopted by the Convention, with the condition 
that it be submitted to a Committee of Revision and Publication, 
consisting of a chairman and two members from each of the 
eight principal cities of the Union. Dr. Hewson was appointed 
chairman of this Committee, and was authorized by the College 
to have a sufficient number of manuscript copies of the draught 
prepared for transmission to the distant members of the Com- 
mittee, with a view to obtain their written comments thereon. ' 
These having been received, the Committee met in Philadel- 
phia, considered the suggestions they contained, agreed upon the 
final amendments, and superintended the publication of the work. 

Nor did the labours of Dr. Hewson, in connexion with the 
Pharmacopoeia, terminate here. In May, 1838, preparatory to 
the then approaching decennial revision, Dr. Hewson w 7 as again 
appointed chairman of the Committee for revising the work. 
The labours of the Committee on this occasion continued through 
a period of twenty months, and their result was placed before the 
College in a report, made at a special meeting, held in December, 

1839. The report was accompanied by a draught of a revised 
Pharmacopoeia, which, upon being presented to the Convention of 

1840, was adopted as the basis of the future work. Dr. Hewson's 
labours, as chairman of this Committee, form the last official ser- 
vices, rendered by him in connexion with our National Pharma- 
copoeia. 

On the 17th of August, 1820, during the epidemic prevalence 
of yellow fever in this city, Drs. Hewson and Chapman offered 
their services to the Board of Health, to attend the yellow fever 
hospital. This offer was accepted ; and on the 19th, the Board, 



on the representation of the physicians as to the entire inade- 
quacy of the temporary hospital, resolved to open immediately 
the east wing of the City Hospital, at Bush Hill, for the reception 
of patients. After the treatment of thirty-one cases, the hospital 
was closed on the 9th of October following. In a report made 
by the attending physicians to the Board, they gave it as their 
opinion that the yellow fever of that season presented more of 
the character of typhoid malignity than in any preceding year, 
and recorded their impression that, of the different remedies they 
had employed, the oil of turpentine had the strongest claims to 
attention. In the month of December following, the City Councils 
addressed a number of queries to this College in relation to the 
proper measures to be taken to secure the city from the invasion 
of malignant fever. Drs. Hewson, Griffitts, and Emlen were ap- 
pointed a Committee to answer these queries ; and in their re- 
port, which was adopted by the College, they strongly recom- 
mended, among other measures, the prosecution of the plan, then 
in contemplation, " for removing the whole of the buildings from 
the east side of Front street, inclusive, to the river, beginning at 
Vine and ending at South street, according to the original plan 
of William Penn, the wise and intelligent founder of the city. ,, 

In 1822, Dr. Hewson established a private medical schooJ in 
Library street, consisting of himself as teacher of Anatomy and 
the Practice ; Dr. Thomas Harris, of Surgery ; Dr. Meigs, of 
Physiology and Midwifery ; and the writer, of Chemistry and 
Materia Medica. The school continued with this organization for 
several years, during which period Dr. Hewson gave an annual 
course of lectures on Anatomy. 

On the 5th of July, 1832, the Board of Health established 

a " Cholera Medical Board," composed of twelve physicians from 

the city and districts, and the port physician. On the 10th of 

July, Dr. Hewson was appointed a member of this Board, and. 
2 



10 

at its first meeting, was elected its president. On the organi- 
zation of the several cholera hospitals and stations, he was ap- 
pointed physician-in-chief, which situation he filled until the disso- 
lution of the Board and the closing of the hospitals on the 30th of 
October following. His attention to the responsible duties of his 
appointment was unremitting. He visited daily the City Hospitals, 
under the immediate care of his assistants, and was ever ready 
to render his professional aid to the several hospital physicians, 
when requested to afford it. His whole intercourse with his 
colleagues in the Board, and with the physicians of the several 
hospitals, was marked by dignity and urbanity, which command- 
ed their respect, and at the same time attached them to this 
person. # The discretion with which he exercised his authority, is 
well described in the following extract from a letter, received by 
the writer from a friend, who was one of his colleagues during 
the existence of this epidemic, and well acquainted with his ser- 
vices. He remarks, that " though the duties of his station were 
sufficiently delicate, and required of him, on more than one oc- 
casion, an exercise of authority, and a reversal of the decision 
of the physicians placed under his superintendence, yet not a sin- 
gle angry feeling was excited ; and in no instance was there an 
appeal from his decisions made to the Board. So judiciously 
and kindly was his authority exercised, that the self-esteem of 
his adjuncts was never wounded." 

At the close of his services, the Board of Health made him a 
handsome pecuniary acknowledgment ; " not," they remark, " as a 
compensation for the invaluable services rendered by him to the 
suffering poor of the city and county during the prevalence of the 
recent epidemic ; but as an expression, in a pecuniary form, of 
their high estimate of his unremitting attention to the duties of a 
situation, at once onerous and responsible, which he was induced 
to accept, at their request, at a season of uncommon alarm and 
excitement." 



11 

Dr. Hewson, during the course of his long life, received scien- 
tific honours from several societies and institutions. He was 
elected a member of the Edinburgh Medical Society in 1796, of 
the American Philosophical Society, and of this College, in 1801, 
of the Philadelphia Medical Society in 1804, of the Philadelphia 
Linnasan Society in 1813, and of the Medical Society of the Dis- 
trict of Columbia in 1821. In 1822, the honorary degree of Doc- 
tor of Medicine was conferred on him by the Medical Depart- 
ment of Harvard University. He was a contributor to the Phi- 
ladelphia Dispensary, served the Institution for many years as 
consulting surgeon, and was one of its managers at the time of his 
death. For many years he was an active member of the Ameri- 
can Philosophical Society, and officiated either as one of its sec- 
retaries or curators from 1803 to 1S22, inclusive. His services 
in connexion with this College need not be dwelt upon ; as they 
are known to most of the Fellows. He filled successively the 
offices of secretary and censor, with the exception of one year, 
from July, 1802, to April, 1835, when he was chosen vice- 
president ; and in the month of July following, on the death of 
Dr. James, he was elected president, which office he continued to 
hold to the time of his death, embracing a period of more than 
twelve years. It is fresh in the memory of all of us, with what 
dignity he filled the chair — a chair which had been graced by 
a Redman, a Shippen, a Kuhn, a Parke, and a James. 

Dr. Hewson was not a voluminous writer. He published no 
formal work ; but it is understood that he left a manuscript trea- 
tise on the primary forms of the venereal disease, and on stric- 
tures of the urethra, which, it is to be hoped, will be prepared for 
the press by his son, Mr. Addinell Hewson, who has adopted the 
profession of his father, and is now far advanced in his medical 
studies. Dr. Hewson's style has the merit of clearness and pre- 
cision, qualities essential to good medical writing. The follow- 



12 

ing list comprises all his papers and communications, so far as 
they are known to the writer: 

Case of Small Pox, supervening on Vaccination. Read before 
the College, April 6th, 1802. Unpublished. 

Case of Unusual Tumefaction, terminating in Extensive Sup- 
puration. Read before the College, May 2d, 1809. Unpub- 
lished. 

Some Experiments on the Coagulation of the Blood, when out of 
the Body. Published in the Eclectic Repertory for January, 
1811. 

Case of Ecthyma Cachecticum, with Observations. Published in 
the North American Medical and Surgical Journal for January, 
1826. 

Case of Strangulated Umbilical Hernia, successfully operated upon. 
Published in the Medical Recorder for January, 1827. 

On the Mechanism of Preternatural Joints, and on the Means of 
Cure. Read before the College, October 2d, 1827, and pub- 
lished in the North American Medical and Surgical Journal for 
January, 1828. 

Remarks on the Eruptive Disease, produced by the Internal Use of 
Balsamum Copaiba?. Read before the Kappa Lambda Society, 
and published in the North American Medical and Surgical 
Journal for January, 1828. 

On the Protective Power of Vaccination, and on the late Epi- 
demic Varicella. Read before the College, April 1st, 1828. 
Unpublished. 



13 

History of a Case of Puerperal Convulsions. Read before the 
College, and published in the North American Medical and Sur- 
gical Journal for April, 1 830. 

On Varicose Veins, with the History of a Case, successfully treated 
by Pressure and Iodine Ointment. Read before the College, ' 
October 29th, 1833. Unpublished. 

Case of Martha Thimble. Read before the College, November 
22d, 1836. Unpublished. 

Communication on the Cerebral Tendency of the Diseases of the 
Autumn of 1844. Made to the College, November 5th, 1844, 
and published in the Summary of its Transactions. 

Communication on the Cholera Morbus of 1 846, and on the Unu- 
sual Frequency of Rice-water Discharges in the Disease of that 
year. Made to the College, September 1st, 1846, and published 
in the Summary of its Transactions. 

In connexion with this list, it may be proper to mention, that 
the reports, made to the College on Meteorology and Epidemics, 
were always prepared by Dr. Hewson. 

For the last three years of his life, Dr. Hewson suffered from 
uneasiness about the neck of the bladder, which caused the mo- 
tion of his carriage to give him considerable pain. From time 
to time, especially after fatigue or exposure to sudden changes of 
temperature, his usual symptoms were aggravated, and he suffered 
painful attacks, attended with hematuria. The chief cause of 
his sufferings was ascertained to be an enlargement of the pros- 
tate, which, in connexion with the morbid condition of the blad- 
der, sufficiently explained his symptoms. About two weeks be- 



14 

fore his death, he was seized with an attack of his disease, more 
severe than on any previous occasion. Thirty-six hours before 
dissolution, he became somewhat comatose ; but up to that time 
his intellect had been perfectly unclouded ; and, though fully aware 
of the approach of death, he manifested the most perfect calm- 
ness and resignation. The fatal event took place on the 17th 
day of February, 1848, in the seventy-fifth year of his age, after 
an honourable career of professional exertion of nearly fifty 
years. 

On the 5th of November, 1812, Dr. Hewson married Emily, 
second daughter of the late John Banks, Esq., of Washington 
City, by whom he had twelve children. Of these, seven sons and 
three daughters survive him. On the 11th of January, 1837, he 
met with a severe domestic calamity, in the death of his wife, 
after a matrimonial union of more than twenty-four years. 

Dr. Hewson stood high as a practitioner. His professional 
education in England and Scotland was shaped with a particular 
view to surgery; but, upon his return to Philadelphia in 1800, he 
entered upon the practice of medicine as well as of surgery; 
following, in this respect, the usage of the country of his adoption. 
In both branches of his profession, he soon became eminent, en- 
joying, to the close of his life, a gratifying share of public confi- 
dence. In all that related to the ethics of the profession, he was 
scrupulously correct. His intercourse with his professional breth- 
ren was marked by great suavity of manner. When called to 
consult with junior practitioners, his deportment was such as to 
place them at once at their ease. There was no assumption of 
superiority, no attempt at dictation ; but, on the contrary, a deli- 
cate regard was manifested for their equal professional rights. 

Such is an imperfect sketch of the life of our late president. 



15 

He has descended to the tomb, and we feel the void occasioned 
by his absence from amongst us. But he has left us his exam- 
ple of professional excellence and private worth. Let us emulate 
his virtues, as the best homage we can pay to his cherished me- 
mory. 



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